Ni ubwa mbere mu mateka Iran yari iteye Israel mu buryo bweruye. Ibi bisasu byarashwe muri Israel ku buryo byasabaga igihe gito ngo bigere ku gipimo Iran yashakaga, kuko harimo nk’ibyihuta kurusha ijwi, ni ukuvuga ku muvuduko wa metero 343 mu isegonda.

Nubwo bifite ubwo bushobozi bungana gutyo, ubwirinzi bwa Israel bwayifashije gusenya ibyo bisasu bitaragera ku butaka ku kigero cya 99%.

Mu gukumira iki gitero Israel yabifashijwemo na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Bwongereza, mu kwirinda ko hari abicwa n’ibyo bisasu no kurinda ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye.

Niwumva ubwirinzi wumve uruhererekane rw’ibintu bitandukanye.

Haba harimo imbunda imeze nk’ikamyo, irasa igisasu gisenya icy’umwanzi, za mudasobwa zifashishwa, ibyuma by’itumanaho, indebakure n’ibindi, byose bigahurizwa hamwe mu kurinda ikirere cya Israel.

Bumwe mu buryo bwakoreshejwe ni ubuzwi nka Arrow, bwakozwe na Israel ifatanyije na Amerika, bukorerwa gusenya bya bisasu biraswa mu ntera ndende birimo nka biriya Iran yarashe kuri Israel.

Bukorera hejuru y’ikirere, ni ukuvuga ngo iyo igisasu kirashwe n’umwanzi, gisenywa kikiri hagati mu rugendo rwacyo ha handi kiba kikizamuka mu isanzure, kitarinjira mu gice cy’ikirere kizwi nka Exoatmosphere.

Ubu bwirinzi ni na bwo buri kwifashishwa mu gusenya ibisasu biraswa n’Inyeshyamba z’Aba-Houthi zo muri Yemen.

Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe hagaragaye ko bufite ubushobozi bwo gusenya ibisasu ku rugero rwa 90%.

Ubu bwoko buri ukuburi. Bumwe buzwi nka Arrow 2 bwakozwe mu 1998, bufite ubushobozi bwo gusenya igisasu kiri ku butumburuke bwa kilometero 15 na 50 uvuye ku butaka ugana mu isanzure, kigahanura ikiri mu ntera y’ibilometero bigera 90.

Harimo kandi Arrow 3, ubwirinzi bwakozwe mu 2017 bushobora gusenya missile iri ku butumburuke bw’ibilometero 200 uvuye ku butaka n’iyo cyaba kikiri kure mu ntera y’ibikometero 2500.

Ubwirinzi buzwi nka Arrow 3 bushobora gusenya igisasu cyarashwe n'umwanzi kikiri mu bilometero bigera ku 2500

Ubwirinzi bw'ikirere buzwi nka Arrow 2 bushobora gusenya igisasu biri mu ntera y’ibilometero bigera 90

Ubundi bwirinzi kandi burimo ubwa David’s Sling bwatangiye gutekerezwa mu 2009, bukorwa bwa mbere mu 2017, ubu Israel ikaba ari bwo ikoresha mu gusenya ibisasu Hezbollah yo muri Liban iba yayigabyeho.

Ubu bwirinzi bufite ubushobozi bwo guhanura drone, indege, igisasu kirasiwe mu ntera y’ibilometero kuva kuri 40 na 300, iri ku butumburuke bw’ibilometero 15 ugana mu isanzure.

Ni ubwirinzi bwakozwe na Israel na bwo ifatanyije na Amerika, ku gitekerezo cy’inkuru yo muri Bibiliya ya Dawidi watsinze igihangange cyitwaga Goriyati, mu gihe Abanya-Israel bari barazengerejwe n’Abafilisitiya.

Ubwirinzi bwa David's Sling bushobora gushwanyuza igisasu cy'umwanzi kikiri mu ntera iri hagati y'ibilometero 40 na 300

Ubu bwirinzi kandi bwiyongera ku buzwi nka Patriot, bwakozwe na Amerika, bugafatwa nk’ubwirinzi bumaze igihe kinini bukoresha kurusha ubundi.

Bwasenya igisasu kiri mu ntera y’ibilometero 160 ndetse kiri ku butumburuke bw’ibilometero 18.

Imbanzirizamushinga yo gukora ubu bwirinzi yatangiye gutekerezwa mu 1970, mu 1974 bugeragerezwa kuri drone ariko bwitwa SAM-D (Surface to Air Missile – Development), nyuma mu 1976 ubu bwirinzi buhindurirwa izina bwitwa Patriot.

Bwakoreshejwe cyane mu ntambara ya mbere yahuje Iraq na Amerika mu kwirinda ibisasu byaraswaga icyo gihe n’uwari Perezida wa Iraq, Saddam Hussein washakaga kwigarurira Kuwait ariko Amerika ikabyanga.

Ubwirinzi buzwi nka Patriot bufite ubushobozi bwo gushwanyuza igisasu kiri mu ntera y’ibilometero 160 ndetse kiri ku butumburuke bw’ibilometero 18

Ubundi bwirinzi Israel iri gukoresha ni ubwitwa Iron Dome na bwo bwakozwe na Amerika ifatanyije na Israel ariko bwo bwakorewe mu gusenya ibisasu bya roquette ariko birasiwe mu ntera nto.

Aho igisasu cya roquette gitandukaniye na missile ni uko kuri missile iyo irashwe, iba ishobora gukomeza kugenzurwa kikaba cyahindurirwa igipimo, mu gihe roquette yo iherukwa iraswa gusa hagategerezwa ko igera ku gipimo.

Ni ubwirinzi Israel yifashishije mu minsi ishize mu ntambara ya Hamas na Hezbollah, bukaba bwasenya ibisasu bikiri kure mu ntera y’ibilometero kuva kuri bine kugeza kuri 70, kiri mu butumburuke bw’ibilometero kugeza kuri 15 ugana mu isanzure.

Ubwirinzi bwa Iron Dome ishobora gushwanyuza ibisasu biri mu ntera y'ibilometero 70 ndetse n'ubutumburuke bw'ibilometero 15

Uyu munsi Israel iri gutunganya ubundi bwirinzi buzwi nka Iron Beam, bukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’imirasire, ni ukuvuga ngo iyo mirasire ni yo isenya igisasu cy’umwanzi.

Israel yigeze kuvuga ko ubu bwirinzi buzafasha cyane ko budahenda ugereranyije n’ubuhari.

Ubu bwirinzi bwose bujyana n’ikoranabuhanga rihambaye cyane cyane iririmo za radars zifashishwa mu kumenya aho igisasu kinyuze, urusaku rwacyo, zikabikora ku gisasu kikiri mu ntera ndende.

Buba kandi bufite ikoranabuhanga ry’utwuma (sensors) dushobora kumva ubushyuhe bw’igisasu kicyoherezwa, udufite za camera zifite ubushobozi bwo kureba kure, ibituma igisasu kimenywa uko cyakabaye, n’ibikigize, hakamenya uko gisenywa.

Kugira ngo ubu bwirinzi butangire akazi, habanza intabaza zigaragaza ko hari igisasu kirashwe, bigizwemo uruhare na za radars noneho ubwirinzi bugatangira gushakisha cya gisasu aho kiri hose hifashishije za sensors.

Iyo icyo gisasu kimaze kumenyekana nk’igiteje ikibazo, ni bwo bwa bwirinzi burekura igisasu kijya gushwanyaguza cya kindi cy’umwanzi ndetse kikabikorera kure y’igipimo cy’umwanzi, rimwe na rimwe hanze y’igihugu cyarashweho.

Icyo gisasu gihita kizamuka mu kirere ariko kitarimo ibiturika kigasanganira cya kindi cyarashwe n’umwanzi, bigasekurana ubundi kikaba kirapfubye.

Ubwirinzi bwinshi busenyera icyo gisasu hagati mu rugendo ni ukuvuga hahandi kiba kikizamuka kitaratangira gucurama ngo cyerekeze ku gipimo, hirindwa ingaruka byateza.

Impamvu hakoreshwa ubwirinzi bitandukanye ni uko bumwe buba bwaragenewe ibisasu bya missile, mu gihe ubundi buba bwaragenewe drones ibya roquette n’ibindi.

Ikindi ni uko ubu bwirinzi buba bukoresha za mudasobwa zimwe zikoresha mu gusesengura amakuru atangwa na twa twuma tw’ikoranabuhanga, kureba neza inzira ibisasu binyuramo nta kwibeshya, no kuyobora igisasu cyoherejwe gusenya icyarashwe n’umwanzi kugira ngo kitibeshya, ubuzima bw’abaturage bukajya mu kaga.

Ku wa 14 ibisasu bya Israel byaraye bijya gusenya ibya Iran birashwe n'ubwirinzi butandukanye