Aba kera baravugaga ngo ‘Umwuga ni uguhinga, ibindi ni amahirwe’. Iyi mvugo yumvikanisha impamvu kugeza mu 1994 Abanyarwanda barenga 90% bakoraga ubuhinzi, nyamara usibye ikawa n’icyayi, nta kindi gihingwa ngengabukungu cyashoboraga koherezwa mu mahanga cyahabarizwaga.

Nyuma ya Jenoside, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize ingufu muri gahunda zigamije kuzamura ubukungu bw’abaturage binyuze mu kubaha imirimo ibinjiriza amafaranga, uburezi na serivisi z’ubuzima byongererwa imbaraga.

Muri gahunda y’imyaka irindwi igamije kwihutisha iterambere, u Rwanda rwihaye intego yo guhanga imirimo ibihumbi 200 buri mwaka, kugira ngo rushobore guhangana n’ubushomeri.

Kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2023 hahanzwe imirimo mishya miliyoni 1.1, mu ngeri zitandukanye z’ubukungu bw’igihugu ndetse iyi gahunda ishobora kuzakomeza mu myaka itanu iri imbere hakajya hahangwa imirimo ibihumbi 250.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu myaka 30 ishize u Rwanda rwateye intambwe idasanzwe, ubukungu buzamuka ku mpuzandengo yo hejuru, ndetse Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana yakunze kugaragaza ko buzakomeza kwihagararaho no mu myaka iri imbere.

Umusaruro mbumbe warazamutse cyane

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize imbaraga mu kuzamura ubukungu bwari bwaramanutse ku rugero rwa 50% munsi ya zeru (-50%). Ibikorwa remezo byari byarangijwe, amafaranga n’indi mitungo bisahurwa na Leta yakoze Jenoside.

Banki y’Isi igaragaza ko umusaruro mbumbe w’u Rwanda mu 1994 wari miliyoni 753.6$, mu 2000 urazamuka ugera kuri miliyari 2.07$. Mu 2015 wageze kuri miliyari 8.54$. Ni mu gihe mu 2023 wageze kuri miliyari 15.283 Frw avuye kuri miliyari 11.983 Frw mu 2022.

Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana yatangaje ko mu 1995 kugeza ubu ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buzamuka ku mpuzandengo iri hejuru ya 7%, kandi ko ibibuzamura byahindutse.

Ati “Ubukungu bwacu bwari bushingiye ku buhinzi ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyane ariko muri iyi myaka 30, ubukungu bwagiye buhinduka aho ubu inganda zimaze kugera kuri 20% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu, ubuhinzi ni 25%.”

Serivisi zigaruriye umwanya mu bukungu

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, isoko y’amadovize yari ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku gusura Ingagi zo mu birunga n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rwo muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera.

Gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nama yatangajwe muri Mata 2014, yatumye urwego rwa serivisi rurushaho kuzamuka no gutanga umusanzu mu bukungu bw’igihugu.

Mu mwaka wa 2018/2019 umusaruro mbumbe w’u Rwanda wari miliyari 8.596 Frw, serivisi zifitemo uruhare rwa 48%. Uru rwego rwakomeje kuza ku isonga mu myaka yakurikiyeho kuko mu 2022/2023 umusaruro mbumbe w’u Rwanda wageze kuri miliyari 15.283 Frw, serivisi zifitemo uruhare rwa 45%.

Ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nama mpuzamahanga (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events) mu 2013 bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni 49$, ariko yikubye inshuro hafi ebyiri mu myaka 10 gusa, agera kuri miliyoni 91$ mu 2023.

Muri rusange ubukerarugendo bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni 495$.

Ibyanya by’inganda bitanga umusanzu ukomeye

Mu myaka 30 ishize inganda zabarizwaga i Kigali, na zo ari mbarwa kuko uretse urwa Mironko, urw’itabi, urw’amasabune n’urw’ibibiriti rwabaga i Huye, na Bralirwa, zagaragaraga cyane, mu byaro habaga izitonora ikawa ikagurishwa ku giciro gito.

Politiki y’Igihugu ijyanye no guteza imbere inganda yemejwe mu 2011, bituma mu turere twa Muhanga, Musanze, Bugesera, Huye, Nyagatare n’ahandi bashyiraho ibyanya by’inganda.

Ishoramari riri mu byanya by’inganda zo mu turere dutandukanye ubu risaga miliyoni 308$, kandi zikoresha baturage benshi bo muri ibyo bice, zikanabagurira umusaruro uva mu bikorwa bitandukanye bakora.

Ni mu gihe icyanya cy’inganda cya Kigali cyo kigizwe n’inganda zirenga 156, kirimo ishoramari rirenga miliyari 2$, kigaha akazi abarenga ibihumbi 15.

Ubu inganda zifite uruhare rwa 21% mu musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu. Zinagira uruhare mu kongera umubare w’ibyo u Rwanda rwohereza mu mahanga.

Ibikorerwa mu nganda byinjirije u Rwanda miliyari 1.473 Frw mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2022/2023, mu gihe mu 2006/07 byinjije miliyari 172 Frw gusa.

Ibyo umuturage yinjiza byikubye inshuro nyinshi

Kuva mu 1995 kugeza mu 2000 u Rwanda rwacungiraga ku nkunga z’amahanga ku rugero rurenga 70%. Imibare ya Banki y’Isi igaragaza ko mu 1994, umunyarwanda yinjizaga Amadorali ya Amerika 111.9.

Imbaraga zakoreshejwe zatumye mu 1995 ayo umuturage yinjiza yikuba kabiri agera kuri 227%. Mu 2000 Umunyarwanda yinjizaga Amadorali ya Amerika 268, na ho mu 2023 yageze ku 1040$.

Minisitiri Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana ati “Hari intambwe ikomeye yatewe kandi n’ingamba zo gukomeza gutera imbere no kwihuta zirahari nk’uko bikubiye mu cyerekezo 2050.”

U Rwanda ruteganya ko mu 2035 ruzaba rufite ubukungu buciriritse, aho umuturage ashobora kuzajya yinjiza 4000$ ku mwaka, rukaba rwateye imbere mu 2050 aho Umunyarwanda yazaba yinjiza agera 12.475 $, ni ukuvuga asaga miliyoni 12 Frw ku mwaka.

Abanyarwanda benshi bigobotoye ubukene

Ubushakashatsi ku mibereho y’ingo mu Rwanda bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2000, bugaragaza ko icyo gihe ikigero cy’ubukene cyari kuri 60.4% kivuye kuri 77.8% mu mwaka wa 1994, icyizere cyo kurama kiri ku myaka 49.

Abana bagwingiye bari 42,7%, naho abana bagaragazaga ibimenyetso bikabije by’imirire mibi ari 29%. Mu 2015, abana bagwingiye bari 38%, baramanuka bagera kuri 33% mu 2020.

Mu 2000, ubushakashatsi ku bipimo by’imibereho myiza y’abaturage bwagaragaje ko 90% by’Abanyarwanda bakoraga ubuhinzi naho 89% bakaba bari mu cyiciro cy’abadakorera umushahara cyangwa abikorera ibyabo.

Ubukene bwaragabanyutse, bugera kuri 38,2% na ho ubukene bukabije bugera kuri 16% mu 2017 bigizwemo uruhare na gahunda zirimo EDPRS ya mbere n’iya kabiri, VUP n’izindi, ndetse ubu imiryango ikiri munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene ikomeza gufashwa kubwigobotora.

Ingengo y’imari y’u Rwanda y’umwaka wa 2023/2024 igera kuri miliyari 5.115,6 Frw. Inkunga z’amahanga zingana na 13% mu gihe inguzanyo ziva mu mahanga zigera kuri 24% by’ingengo y’imari yose.

Mu myaka 30 ishize hakozwe ishoramari rikomeye rigamije kuzamura ubukungu bw'igihugu