Muri Mata 2023, nibwo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakuyeho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku ifu y’ibigori n’umuceli, inashyiraho ibiciro ntarengwa byabyo hamwe n’iby’ibirayi, nyuma y’uko ibiciro byari bikomeje gutumbagira ku isoko hirya no hino mu gihugu.

Ni icyemezo cyaziye igihe, kuko Ikigo gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare (NISR) cyaherukaga gutangaza ko ibiciro mu mijyi byiyongereyeho 19,3%, bitewe ahanini n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bidasembuye byiyongereyeho 41,3% mu mujyi, mu cyaro byiyongeraho 72,4%.

Soma: Guverinoma yashyizeho ibiciro ntarengwa by’umuceli, kawunga n’ibirayi

Komiseri wa za Gasutamo mu Kigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro (RRA), Mwumvaneza Félicien, asobanura ko ubusanzwe, Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ufatwa nk’igihugu kimwe mu byerekeranye na za gutamo.

Ni ukuvuga ko ibicuruzwa bikorewe muri kimwe mu bihugu biwugize, twavuga nk’uyu muceli, aya mahirwe yahise abikuriraho amahoro ya Gasutamo ya 45% by’agaciro kabyo, hasigara umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) wa 18%.

Uyu musoro na wo waje kuvaho maze abacuruzi babyuririraho, batangira kwinjiza mu Rwanda umuceli ukomoka mu karere by’umwihariko muri Tanzania, mu buryo budasanzwe.

Mwumvaneza ari kuri Televiziyo Rwanda yagize ati “Byatumye dutangira kwibaza impamvu yabyo. Ese kuki wiyongera cyane? Ese hariya ubusanzwe barawufite uhagije? Bawukura he? Bawurangura kuri bande? Ariko tunahera ku buziranenge bw’uwo twakiriye. Twahereye ku makuru tureba umunsi ku munsi ajyanye n’ingano y’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu, mu rwego rusanzwe rwok ugenzura imisoreshereze.”

Imibare igaragaza ko hafashwe amakamyo 26 ajya gupimishwa. Ikigo Gishinzwe kugenzura Ibiribwa n’Imiti (Rwanda FDA) cyerekana ko imodoka eshatu arizo zujuje ibipimo by’umuceli byasabwaga.

Ni umuceli wazanywe n’ibigo 14, uhwanye na toni 720, utujuje ubuziranenge.

Ikosa ryabaye irya nde?

Ubundi mbere yo gutumiza ikintu mu mahanga, hasabwa icyemezo (Import licence). Niba ari ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga gitangwa na RURA, byaba ari ibiribwa n’imiti, hagasabwa uruhushya rutangwa na Rwanda FDA.

Tugarutse kuri wa muceli, mbere yo kuwutumiza mu mahanga, umucuruzi agaragaza ingano y’uwo azinjiza n’icyiciro cyawo, niba ari nimero ya mbere, iya kabiri cyangwa iya gatatu.

Komiseri Mwumvaneza ati “Uko byagenze ahangaha, ni uko umuntu yavugaga ngo njyewe nzazana umuceli mwiza ku cyiciro cya mbere, wajya kugenzura ugasanga niba yaravuze umuceli ufite incenga zitarenga 5%, ugasanga yazanye ufite izirenga 50%. Urumva ko hagombaga kuba igenzura kugira ngo ubwo buziranenge bwagenwe bwubahirizwe.”

Umuyobozi Ushinzwe Itumizwa mu mahanga ry’Ibiribwa n’Imiti muri Rwanda FDA, Theobald Habiyaremye, yasobanuye ko basanze ibipimo abacuruzi bagiye bagaragaza mu mpapuro, bidahuye n’umuceri bazanye.

Yakomeje ati “Twarebye icyo ibipimo bivuga, kuko harimo no kureba niba umuntu awuriye ashobora kugira ikibazo. Icyo nshaka kuvuga ni uko nta bibazo by’ubuzima birimo, waribwa.”

Icyo gihe hafashwe icyemezo ko uwo muceli wahita usubizwa aho waturutse kuko abawinjije mu gihugu babeshye ku bipimo basabwe na Rwanda FDA, ukaba wakwangizwa abacuruzi bakirengera igiciro, cyangwa bakawushakira isoko ahandi riberanye n’ubuziranenge bwawo.

Aha niho hibazwaga niba utakoreshwa n’inganda zitunganya ibiryo by’amatungo, cyangwa ugakoreshwa mu zindi nganda ziwukenera.

Habiyaremye ati “Aho numva twagombye guhera ha mbere ni uko wa muntu wawuzanye, aramutse awusubije akaguranirwa akabona umuceli nyawo, nibyo byaba byiza kuri we, kuko muri make bivuze ko ari guhomba.”

Abacuruzi bazanye umuceli mubi nkana?

Nubwo aba bacuruzi bari bazi ko basabwa kwinjiza mu gihugu nimero ya mbere y’umuceli uvuye muri Tanzania, mu nama bagiranye na RRA ku wa 14 Werurwe, bemeye ko baranguraga ku bantu batizewe, banasaba imbabazi.

Uwitwa Karangwa yagize ati “turangura n’abantu bari ku rwego rwo hasi,” ndetse nta buryo bwo gupima ireme ry’umuceli.

Nyiraremezo Béatrice we mu modoka zafashwe harimo ikamyo ze ebyiri, zari zitwaye umuceli ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 83 Frw.

Ati “Bitewe n’uko nta laboratwari dufite aho turangurira, twebwe twapimishaga amaso, tureba tukabona umuceli mwiza, bijyanye n’ibice biri muri uwo muceli, twe tukawushyira muri nimero ya mbere, ufite ibice byinshi tukawushyira muri nimero ya kabiri.”

Ahamya ko nta nganda bakorana nazo muri Tanzania zishobora gutunganya umuceli, kugira ngo uze uri ku bipimo bikenewe mu gihugu.

Yakomeje ati “Ikindi tugura n’abaturage. Ntabwo tugurira mu nganda, abaturage baraza bagatonora imiceli mu nganda ntoya, bakayungurura n’inganda zabo ntoya, hanyuma umuceli ugahabwa nimero bitewe n’uko babireba, n’uko natwe tubirebesha amaso, bitewe n’uko nta laboratwari zihari.”

Ibyo bikerekana ko abaguzi mu Rwanda bashobora kuba bamaze igihe bagura umuceli mubi, witiriwe ko ari nimero ya mbere, wuzuyemo incenga.

Ni kimwe na Kagabo Haruna, uvuga ko afitemo toni 105 zari mu makamyo atatu.

Ati “Ibi bintu mutubabariye, ubutaha twongeye numva ntaho twazahera dutakamba. Mwatwigishije, namwe murebe ibishoboka byose, niba ntacyo mwakora, mwatugira inama nk’uko muhora mutugira inama niba hari n’ahandi twanyura, tujye gutakamba kuko turapfuye. Bikomeje gutya ntaho twaba tugana, usibye guteza ibyacu, ugasanga havutse n’ibindi bibazo birenze ibi ngibi.”

Nyuma yo gufatirwa, abacuruzi bavuga ko buri modoka yishyura 200$ kuri nyirayo wo muri Tanzania kandi iparitse, abashoferi nabo bagakenera kugaburirwa.

Kuki hari ababisamiye hejuru?

Iki kibazo kikijya hanze, hari abagisamiye hejuru ku bw’inyungu zabo, bamwe bagitwara uko kitari.

Hari na bamwe barenze imbibi, bavuga ko bishoboka ko wenda ari ingaruka z’umwuka mubi hagati y’u Rwanda na Tanzania, kuko icyo gihugu cyohereje ingabo muri RDC, mu butumwa bwo guhangana n’umutwe wa M3. Nyamara umubano hagati y’ibihugu byombi ni ntamakemwa.

Abaturage nabo bakomeje gutanga ibitekerezo kuri iki kibazo, bamwe bati “umuceli nurekurwe, ubuziranenge bw’umuceli bureberwa ku isahani.”

Hari n’abacuruzi bavuga ko umuceli watangiye kubura ku isoko cyangwa ugahenda, nubwo atari ko Komiseri Mwumvaneza abibona.

Ati “Imodoka zifite umuceli ufite ikibazo ni 23. Ntabwo arizo zatuma haba ikibazo cy’umuceli mu gihugu. Ndatekereza ko hagomba kuba hari abacuruzi bamwe bashaka kubyitwaza, bashaka nko gushyira abantu ku gitutu ngo mupfe kuturekura nta kibazo. Sinzi aho byaturutse, ariko hari bene abo bashobora no kubigira urwitwazo rwo kuvuga ngo twuririreho tuzamure ibiciro.”

“Hari umuceli mwinshi uturuka muri Tanzania udafite ikibazo, uwo urahari, ni naho umuceli mwinshi winjira mu gihugu uturuka. Hari uturuka mu Buhinde udafite ikibazo, hari uturuka muri Pakistan, aho hatatu niho haturuka umuceli ku kigero cya 80% by’umuceli winjira mu Rwanda, hari n’uhingwa mu gihugu, nawo urahari.”

Ni iki gikurikira?

Umwe mu baturage bazi neza iby’ubuhinzi bw’umuceli muri Tanzania, avuga ko uyu muceli udakwiye gusubizwayo kuko bizwi neza ko nta wawakira, cyane ko uba waraguzwe mu bacuruzi bato, batakwirengera iki gihombo.

Yagize ati “Kubera ko nta ngaruka ufite ku muryi, abo bacuruzi babahane, umucuruzi yumve ko muri za nyungu ze hari abandi bantu abangamiye.”

Hari n’abasaba ko uyu muceli wahabwa igiciro runaka bijyanye n’ireme ryawo, ariko ukemererwa kwinjira ku isoko.

Komiseri Mwumvaneza yavuze ko iki kibazo kiri kuganirwa n’inzego zitandukanye, kugira ngo harebwe umwanzuro cyafatirwa. Icyakora, ikimaze kumenyekana ni uko aba bacuruzi bazahanwa.

Yakomeje ati “ Itegeko rya za Gasutamo zo mu karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, riteganya ko uwabeshye mu imenyekanisha mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, ibyo yazanye ntabivuge uko biri akabivuga ukundi, ahanishwa amadolari ashobora no kuba yagera ku bihumbi 10$, urumva ko ari nka miliyoni zikabakaba 13 Frw ku imenyekanisha rimwe.”

“Bivuze ko ahangaha, niba iyo FUSO yarayimenyekanishije mu rupapuro rumwe, dushobora kumuhanisha kuba twageza ku madolari ibihumbi 10 kuko yabeshye mu imenyekanisha. Ni icyaha rero ashobora kuba yanakurikiranwaho no mu nkiko.”

Yavuze ko abacuruzi basabwe gusubiza uyu muceli aho bawukuye kuko babeshye ku bipimo basabwe na Rwanda FDA, cyangwa bakabishakira isoko riberanye n’ubuziranenge bwabyo.

Ati “Ariko niba habayeho gutabaza, niho navugaga nti ‘abantu bareba niba hari ingamba zishoboka, ariko ibyo byo bamaze kubimenyeshwa’.”

Rwanda FDA ivuga ko n’umuceli uri mu maduka atandukanye ushobora kuzagenda upimwa, abakoze amakosa nabo bakayaryozwa.